[国际新闻] 在北朝鲜的一个美国逃兵

仍留在北朝鲜境内的最后一个美军逃兵卓斯诺克最近接受访问时说，就算给他价值十亿美元的黄金，他也不愿退出北朝鲜。访谈纪录片将于廿八日在美国哥伦比亚广播公司（CBS）「六十分钟」节目首播。这是他四十四年前退出美军驻南韩基地、穿越地雷区叛逃到北朝鲜以来，首度公开发表声明。  O* j+ l5 m5 h

卓斯诺克接受英国纪录片制作人戈登访问时表示，他在北朝鲜「宾至如归」，无意退出北朝鲜，「就算你把价值十亿美元的金子摆在桌上也一样」。
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现年六十四岁的卓斯诺克叛逃到北朝鲜后，经历了痛苦的适应过程。他与其他三名先后叛逃北朝鲜的美军士兵，曾在一九六六年向苏联驻北朝鲜大使馆申请政治避难。申请遭拒之后，他们接受了密集的思想改造教育，学习北朝鲜的「主体」意识型态。

卓斯诺克后来在北朝鲜电影「无名英雄」中扮演「邪恶的资本主义走狗」。虽然他十五岁就辍学，却在北朝鲜从事翻译任务，在大学教英文。他在北朝鲜结了两次婚，生了三个小孩，现在是平壤家喻户晓的人物，大家仍以他在片中角色之名「亚瑟」称呼他。, v  Q( ?' }" o/ g3 X! s; l
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四位滞留北朝鲜的美军逃兵后来都结婚，也获取北朝鲜公民资格。但是其中两人已过世多年，另一位叛逃的美军中士詹金斯也在两年前获准退出北韩。2 `1 b6 `  y" C9 D+ T0 @. V7 @) c
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虽然这部纪录片旨在呈现四名叛逃美军士兵的故事，但是真正的主人公还是卓斯诺克。他在片中钓鱼、上馆子、听歌剧，还去做健康检测。制片人戈登说，卓斯诺克真是奇人一个，人生阅历不同凡响，「我们很难理解，为什么一个美国大兵会选择在世界上最恨恶美国的国家生活。」

卓斯诺克说，童年的辛酸与第一任妻子的不忠，加上他擅离驻地去见一名南韩女子，将受军法审判，他在万念俱灰之际投奔北朝鲜。( L6 E$ c- I/ T$ {
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他坦承自己在北朝鲜享受许多的特权，一九九○年代末期大饥荒期间，很多人捱饿，他却独得米粮配给。他说，「我觉得宾至如归，再大的利益也不能让我退出」。# R8 V+ l# S- M; ~& Q( X
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Last US defector in North Korea5 |! k% f' @& y' W
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In the 1960s four US soldiers separately defected to North Korea, and were little heard from again.人在德国社区7 t+ d+ B" ^* J" M) j) Q

Now one - the last known former American GI left in the country - has spoken for the first time to British documentary-makers.
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James Dresnok is something of a celebrity around the North Korean capital Pyongyang, his home for the last 44 years.

Unmissable thanks to his 6ft 5in height and bulky frame, the 64-year-old has appeared in North Korean films, taught English at university and been a propaganda hero for the Communist nation.9 |9 F$ I8 E/ Z7 U
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"I have never regretted coming to [North Korea]. I feel at home," he says, in the documentary Crossing the Line, which premiered at the US Sundance Film Festival on Monday., D; E8 v# g% D

James Dresnok was a 21-year-old army private when he decided to leave his post in South Korea one August afternoon in 1962 to cross into the North.

Three months earlier, Private Larry Abshier had become the first known US soldier to defect to the North, while patrolling the demilitarised zone between the two Koreas.
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In the three years that followed, Specialist Jerry Parrish and Sergeant Charles Jenkins would follow Abshier and Dresnok across the border.
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The four, who initially lived in the same house, found their new life tough in the early years. Mr Dresnok admits he did not want to stay. "I didn't think I could adapt".! P' S0 t0 ~+ |9 V3 }7 m

A joint bid for asylum at the Soviet embassy in 1966 was rejected and the four were forced to undergo intense re-education, which included learning North Korea's official Juche ideology.8 T' I5 @0 o- m* a2 }! P2 [
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It was at that point, Mr Dresnok says, that he decided he would try to fit in. "Man is the master of his life, and little by little I came to understand the Korean people," he said.

All four married, were granted North Korean citizenship and - apart from starring as evil capitalists in a propaganda film called Nameless Heroes in 1978 - appeared to drop off the face of the earth./ L* X6 [& N6 B, z
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In fact, so little was known about them that Larry Abshier had been dead for 13 years when the US defence department said, in 1996, it believed all four men were still alive. Jerry Parrish had in fact died in 1996." r% E  }( o% |' s3 [) J
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Persistence
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UK documentary-maker Daniel Gordon and his Beijing-based co-producer Nick Bonner were already familiar to North Korea's film-making authorities when they asked them about the rumours of the four defectors.9 @2 S( T/ J# T' G
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Their 2002 film, The Game of Their Lives - about the North Korean football team that beat Italy in the 1966 World Cup and qualified for the quarter finals - had been a huge hit in the country.

They were working on their second film, A State of Mind - following two North Korean schoolgirls preparing for the mass games - when they asked for permission to make a film about Mr Dresnok and the others.
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"We were initially told it was absolutely impossible," Mr Gordon explained, "but we took that to mean it was possible."/ k* p& m" N5 {0 Q4 @

In June 2004, at a meeting they thought would be with the North Korean authorities, the filmmakers were brought face-to-face with James Dresnok and Charles Jenkins for the first time.

"The two men weren't wholeheartedly keen on making the film. It had the potential to blow up in their faces. But at the end of the two-and-a-half hour meeting, they had come round," Mr Gordon said.5 o6 N( ^; |" m7 {  T* Y

Within five weeks of the meeting, however, Charles Jenkins' story became known to the whole world when he left North Korea to be reunited with his wife in Japan.

Privileged
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While the documentary is about all four defectors, the focus is undoubtedly on James Dresnok who is filmed fishing, going to a restaurant, the opera and having a medical check-up.

"I found him a fascinating guy," Daniel Gordon says. "He has had such a unique experience of life.
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"It is hard to understand from our perspective why an American soldier would choose to make his life in arguably the biggest US-hating nation on earth."/ R1 }! f$ N- u4 C
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James Dresnok describes how an unstable childhood and his first wife's infidelity left him with a sense of hopelessness before he crossed the line into the North.' |% ~# r+ `9 i/ S
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Since his defection, he has been married twice and has three children.
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He taught languages and carried out translating work even though he, like the other three, had dropped out of school by the age of 15.
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And he also appeared in several other films, apart from Nameless Heroes, and is still referred to as Arthur after a character he once played.7 o  ?$ x3 q" \9 W

Mr Dresnok admits he lives a privileged life by North Korean standards, confessing that he got rice rations during the deadly famines of the late 1990s while others were starving.& m0 ^; q: y; |7 n. w/ S1 o
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"The government is going to take care of me until my dying day," he tells the documentary team.

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James Dresnok has lived in Pyongyang for 44 years

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