你是否曾想像过,有一天驾车上班的路上,不必再全神贯注地手把方向盘、脚踩刹车,而是悠闲地看报纸、喝茶或聊天,因为有全自动无人驾驶汽车载着你在车海中灵活穿行。如今,德国一家公司应用先进科技把无人驾驶汽车变成了现实。 3 }7 {9 C* I% `% G5 g/ z
/ {. o) U8 c' q ●智能汽车无人开 + T- z4 }6 I8 g: }
o# N" F5 @& a9 U 在无人驾驶技术研究方面位于世界前列的德国汉堡Ibeo公司研制的无人驾驶汽车,11日在英国伦敦科学博物馆与公众见面。这辆无人驾驶智能汽车经德国大众汽车公司生产的帕萨特2.0改装而成,外表看来与普通家庭汽车并无差别,但却可以在错综复杂的城市公路系统中无人驾驶。这归功于车内安装的无人驾驶设备,包括激光扫描仪、全球定位仪和智能计算机。 & S$ ]. G! _+ M. P3 l1 f# t. p4 M4 X- v& K2 k" w, ^, o0 E
德国Team Lux公司已将这种无人驾驶技术应用于家庭车型。“目前,无人驾驶汽车还不能合法上路,但它早晚能做到,”Team Lux公司工作人员弗尔克尔•威尔霍夫特说,“我们能将这种(无人驾驶)设备安装在家庭汽车上,这将使我们的社会更加安全。” G; g- s* {& S# ? }; `% { ( T; t7 h1 N" \- r Ibeo公司发言人卡琳•迪普考特透露,Ibeo公司已经同全球几家主要汽车生产商,如大众、宝马、克莱斯勒等进行磋商,预计今年内能够投入生产。 3 f) Z3 i" w, ]5 L X3 v$ I- ?$ }3 K" M4 \) j' T
●前后装了“两只眼” 7 H) [1 ~5 v/ ^. ?8 N. U 7 u D- a( b) X Ibeo公司发言人迪普考特向参观者介绍了这款无人驾驶汽车的先进之处。 ! { `7 R9 y* ~6 Y
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行驶过程中,车内安装的全球定位仪随时获取汽车所在准确方位的信息数据。 $ _* u" F8 Z2 K3 g J! S7 L1 t
: T5 A. S ~4 W8 `& s$ a( P: e 隐藏在前灯和尾灯附近的激光扫描仪是汽车的“眼”,它们随时“观察”汽车周围约183米内的道路状况,构建三维道路模型。 - C& J5 a) g. o! m& k- O5 _
3 B% z4 j2 _0 i3 P7 R% y8 n 除此之外,“眼”还能识别各种交通标识,如速度限制、红绿灯、车道划分、停靠点等,保证汽车在遵守交通规则的前提下安全行驶。 : G# H g) n5 c0 M, Y
4 y, n% \) Z5 _0 l' K/ R* z 最后由无人驾驶汽车的“脑”———安装在汽车后备箱内的计算机,将两组数据汇合、分析,并根据结果向汽车传达相应的行驶命令。 1 M: v. B- p7 A% D, E. \
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多项先进科技确保这款无人驾驶汽车能够灵活换挡、加速、转弯、刹车甚至倒车。在茫茫车海和人海中,它能巧妙避开建筑、障碍物、其他车辆和行人,从容前行。 6 s8 u- T9 v; `( n$ ?1 ?4 g* D" `. m 5 U/ j4 q1 D- x, q ●接受都市挑战 6 e7 o- c5 m5 S5 Y8 C; p% D, c: c6 y6 S0 P ~- c
Team Lux公司将携装有这种先进无人驾驶技术的汽车参加今年11月在美国举行的无人驾驶汽车拉力赛。 * P! X F- i0 U
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今年的比赛要求参赛汽车在美国某城市中心区行驶97公里,旨在考验无人驾驶汽车在错综复杂的城市交通系统下安全、快速行驶的能力。冠军将获得120万美元奖金。这一比赛由美国国防部高级研究计划局赞助,旨在为研发无人驾驶技术提供候选方案。比赛已分别于2005年和2003年举办两届。 1 t. L& U- F* A5 i2 i% S4 R4 }
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2005年比赛在加利福尼亚州莫哈韦沙漠举行,4辆无人驾驶汽车成功穿越212公里崎岖路段到达终点。冠军“斯坦尼”还被着名《连线》杂志评为“最佳智能机器人”。: [" l) Z B4 z4 \! }6 z- [( F
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* f8 i1 k1 M2 \: W6 t/ _8 dDriverless car goes on show in London! k6 L- A$ B# K, a
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A car driven by a hi-tech ghost of laser sensors and computers has gone on exhibit in London, before it competes against other robot cars in the United States in November.' R4 |! |# {) h, X1 u' ^9 O6 t
! \1 E5 J0 T& z: l; S AThe Volkswagen Passat 2.0 TDI drives using two eye-like laser sensors in the front and one in the back that scan road conditions, buildings, other vehicles and pedestrians over a range of up to 200 metres. L+ d, o: g6 p8 k: c
& g3 u" c- u( t% r; n( RAn on-board computer digests and acts on the information using software developed by the Hamburg, Germany-based Ibeo Automobile Sensor company, said company experts displaying the car at the Science Museum in London. ) k1 F: A8 @8 g; d; W0 ?, j 1 M* p4 L) ~" p$ _' g2 ^, C2 g" t7 RIn November, the car will compete against other driverless vehicles in the third annual US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Urban Challenge over a 60-mile course in America. . q% x6 J$ D- ]. c# i ; W- A7 |) M- B5 ]& I& r6 i: D"We are competing against the world's best in terms of automobile technology," Ibeo chief executive Ulrich Lages said.$ b" U+ j- \1 [& Q9 o8 ^
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"Although we are a relatively small team and, unlike the big players, do not have a large budget, we believe we have a great chance at DARPA 2007," he said.: x5 D8 \1 z! s, i8 E& ^: ~% O0 R
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"Our innovative laser technology gives us a lead of several years over our prospective rivals, especially in the field of object and environmental detection," he said. , u/ j( j! X1 z0 ~# N " {5 g( S! Y. uChristened LUX, the refitted Volkswagen that looks exactly like a standard road model is due to go into small-scale production next year and the firm hopes that its technology can eventually be used in production cars.; f; J2 x+ p7 F0 b
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At a conference in the US city of San Francisco in February, scientists predicted robot-driven cars could be shuttling humans around by the year 2030.