8 r$ r$ |) {" `: c该遗址位于塞浦路斯首府尼科西亚西南约89公里处，考古学家认为这里原是一座面积达4000平方米的香水作坊。考古队队长贝尔焦诺说：「在发现这地方有多大时，我们都惊呆了。当时的香水生产一定达到了工业生产规模。」 . Q; G& m* G( ]3 E9 O8 t " F. |; q. l- \ p在这座古作坊里，考古学家至少发现了60个保存完好的蒸馏器具、香料搅拌碗、漏斗和香水瓶。这些器具在公元前约1850年一次剧烈的火山喷发后被湮没，直至这次才重见天日。 : M3 t' e+ E, K, k) `, l9 Z- E0 T; M/ q- f- _) Q
作为爱神阿芙罗狄蒂的出生地，大量香水的发现恰好与塞浦路斯的文化渊源相吻合。塞浦路斯文物机构的官员表示，有关爱神的许多神话都与香水有关，她巧妙地借助香水施展女性魅力。' O& z7 m! _: [4 A4 D3 e
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这座古作坊散发著数种植物的混合香味。这些以希腊神话中女神们的名字命名的香水，萃取了数种天然植物混合而成。考古学家在一些石膏小瓶中发现了提取香料的植物，包括薰衣草、迷迭香以及橄榄油等。% Y- F+ a3 `( P N3 J; N2 ^) v. {
) G) u" O" v( I* ?此番发现的香水现陈列在罗马卡比托奈山丘博物馆内。其中的4种香水已被科学家成功复制。 R* A% u ?. [6 ^$ V# U 8 T0 Y7 }* Z! ^( Q制作方法师从埃及人 3 k, Q" R* x! c7 ?9 G; b# S' ?$ p# e3 `- H: }5 ^; t
贝尔焦诺说，塞浦路斯人可能是从埃及人那里学到了制作香水的方法，因为当时两国关系密切。考古学家曾在一座古埃及的墓穴中发现过香水，这座墓穴被认为是公元前3000年前古埃及的一个皇族墓穴。在此发现的香水中混有植物油和动物油。1 U f* [9 v" F0 S3 f( X
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香水对于古人而言不仅可发挥吸引嗅觉的作用，还因为其中的芳香树脂具有医药效用，在宗教祭典和葬礼仪式中使用。除香水外，此番在塞浦路斯发现的古香水作坊中还发现有炼铜铺子、酒窖和橄榄油榨取坊等遗迹。 ' r3 Q% e7 a" g! Y# w' S & B2 D! `; t+ W千年香水秘方4 i1 I$ T1 f! t+ Q
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成分：薰衣草、迷迭香、松木、芫荽、欧芹、香柠檬、苦杏仁、月桂以及橄榄油等。 - y* L7 @1 f7 K/ Z3 J ( Z% o+ X' V W* j制作方法：将碾碎的香草加进油和水里，再把混合物装进长颈小瓶中，最后将瓶子放在灰烬上烤１２小时。& m2 D6 X5 @8 ~0 D3 ]- N
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「香水闻起来不错。」——女游客阿莱夏•阿凡纳塔8 c& D) B- Z6 L) |2 F
. W( K, H# C& r$ v! |「我能闻出有松脂味。」——参观者朱丽娅 2 S" T+ r2 s9 A' U* `6 ^" E' T) ]$ g! Y+ c: Y, q
来源：信息时报 0 n! o; [8 i: x ) y/ \6 [7 M! q+ _4000-year-old perfumes found on Aphrodite's fabled island & x T9 F( x9 t: |4 A1 ?The remains of ancient scents and bottles found on Cyprus have gone in display, writes Malcolm Moore. * R7 i1 s) ], B6 D0 u* ~7 S) ~' R. l$ k5 w, X
ITALIAN archaeologists have found the world's oldest perfumes on Cyprus.5 _! n9 V6 |; U# H6 `& h, @* R
" t3 ]! n4 ?$ H: T- VThe perfumes were scented with extracts of lavender, bay, rosemary, pine or coriander and kept in tiny translucent alabaster bottles.$ Y* o1 ^& L* |, A# j4 X( t
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The remaining traces found at Pyrgos, in the south of the island, are more than 4000 years old. # L8 O1 e1 F. s0 L/ r# C- I1 D8 _% y! }
They were discovered inside what archaeologists believe was an 3995-square-metre perfume-making factory. + Y8 h+ @# I U$ b2 d. V; ? - b& L8 o6 |; F. M% Q& l( s+ a"We were astonished at how big the place was," the leader of the archaeological team, Maria Rosa Belgiorno, said. "Perfumes must have been produced on an industrial scale." 9 B5 `/ e, ?2 d0 ] ) D- q: j1 a5 X- @8 P( }At least 60 stills, mixing bowls, funnels and perfume bottles were perfectly preserved at the site, which had been blanketed in earth after a violent earthquake about 1850BC.: `1 N8 G+ U! I& K/ V8 n
0 u* C. d1 L1 _/ vThe abundance of perfumes fits well with Cyprus' mythological status as the birthplace of Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love. , [$ Y: O; a. x. C3 j. @7 w9 r' _( z) E6 }. L3 N
"The goddess' myth was strongly linked to the perfume she used to get what she wanted," the head of Cyprus' antiquities department, Pavlos Flourentzos, said. " @3 \- Z B @6 I+ j* P4 F2 s" Q
The finds are now on display at the Capitoline Museum in Rome.6 ]8 g# d: t) I% w1 t' r
% M" E" E3 l" p* f2 \Four of the perfumes have been re-created from residues found at the site. . M" c" J4 A5 L3 n6 v1 N4 P' o7 v . J+ F0 Y, Y2 S( V$ fAn Italian foundation, which aims to re-create antique traditions, distilled them according to techniques described by Pliny the Elder, by grinding the herbs, adding them to oil and water, and burying them in a long-necked jug over hot embers for 12 hours. + A' ^4 {9 d% y6 i ) x( M N: g$ e* O, j* M/ ]"It smells good, but strong," museum visitor Alessia Affinata, 30, said. "I can smell the pine especially," said Giulia Occhi Villavecchia, 23. $ X/ U2 F/ @5 V4 l5 v7 d 1 B- ~) j7 _) `/ W: K, DNeither was sure they would actually wear them.
图片附件: [Fragments of ancient perfume jars found at Pyrgos, Cyprus.] perfumes.jpg (2007-3-24 10:10, 17.02 KB) / 下载次数 93 http://csuchen.de/bbs/attachment.php?aid=249682&k=94146fb14183dccb651124423b687e97&t=1788336880&sid=e7zj1b
图片附件: [Fragments of ancient perfume jars found at Pyrgos, Cyprus.] perfumes.jpg (2007-3-24 10:10, 17.02 KB) / 下载次数 93